Jimmy Carter and Friends: Hope for Today’s Malaise

We tend to shower praise on people who “fit in,” but it’s more instructive to appreciate folks who are unique—which is everyone. Former President Jimmy Carter has blazed new trails, and The Washington Post on June 22 reminded us that he’s three months away from being unusual again—his 100th birthday.

It’s timely to pay tribute to Carter now because it takes the whole book of one’s life, not the first or last chapter alone, to establish a unique legacy. In Carter’s case, he has become exceptional step-by-step, piecing together his special set of endeavors, values, and relationships in a changing world.

He has been a farm-owner, Navy submariner, governor, president, humanitarian, Nobel Peace Prize recipient, and now a hospice patient.

We learn much by cherishing people’s entire lives as they unfold, intertwine, and move forward, not merely judging one aspect or awaiting a definitive obituary.

Carter has sought to influence the whole world and to let the whole world influence him. We can illustrate this by remembering a unique friendship he formed. Twenty years ago, on June 28, 2004, he delivered the eulogy at a 13-year-old’s funeral service.

A shared passion for peacemaking placed Carter in contact with Mattie J.T. Stepanek a few years earlier. The Make-a-Wish Foundation inquired whether Carter could visit Mattie, who had asked to meet his hero. Doctors deemed Mattie’s death imminent.

Suffering from a particularly cruel form of muscular dystrophy (MD), he had known for a while that each day could be his last. His similarly afflicted siblings had died. But he had plunged into a vigorous existence filled with faith and purpose—to be a kid while building a legacy.

He wanted to be remembered as “a poet, a peacemaker, and a philosopher who played.”

Raised by a Catholic mother who is alive today facing a less corruptive form of mitochondrial disease, Mattie spent time in prayer and received insights he called “heartsongs.”

These thoughts affirmed for him every person’s distinctive worth and mission, and God’s unifying love, prompting Mattie to write poems. His simple eloquence yielded a 2002 book, Heartsongs, plus six other New York Times best-sellers during a four-year span. (Two were published posthumously.)

Mattie gained media attention, sharing hopes of peaceful human flourishing and personal striving—a beacon of both childlike wonder and understanding deepened by his painful disability.

Meanwhile, his local Maryland parish and the Archdiocese of Washington, DC, made it possible for him to receive the sacraments of First Communion and Confirmation by age 8. He became a parish catechist, teaching the faith to sixth-graders.

His growth in knowledge, reason, and faith was swift, as told by his mom, Dr. Jeni Stepanek, who was interviewed recently on EWTN. She quoted his motto: “Think gently, speak gently, live gently.”

His buoyant spirit lifted up countless adults, leading to TV appearances with super-influencer Oprah Winfrey and MD celebrity-fundraiser par excellence Jerry Lewis. (See Lewis and Mattie together in this video at about the 1-hour mark.)

President Carter did indeed visit Mattie. The boy had singled out Carter as a peacemaking paradigm. Jimmy and Mattie began to correspond, exchanging many thoughts, spiritual musings, and plans for the future.

Of course, this ended in 2004 when the doctors’ prognosis eventually proved correct. Carter contributed two sets of remarks to the final collection of Mattie’s poetry and prose, a book titled Just Peace: A Message of Hope, published two years later.

The former president wrote a foreword, plus closing notes whimsically called a “forthword.” Even the word was unconventional. It may have been a neologism sparked by Mattie’s creativity. Internet search engines still today do not recognize it. Such a clever term should have spawned more copycats!

Carter’s implication was that Mattie had put his finger on a starting point from which young and old alike could go forth on pilgrimages of peace.

He wrote that the boy “has been able to comprehend his own inner feelings, to extrapolate them with a unique resonance for the understanding of other people, and to embrace in his brilliant mind the challenges and opportunities of the entire world.”

But the most quotable part of the forthword was Carter’s observation that his friend was “the most remarkable person I have ever known.”

The former president made a video in 2014 repeating that assessment. He honored Mattie’s courageous exploration of humanity as an amalgam of wisdom he had not seen in any world leader.

A message about lifespans and legacies is worth considering in civil society and public affairs today. No specific level of experience or age, from teen to senior citizen, can guarantee leadership that resonates with reality. We need to stay alert for out-of-the-ordinary inspirations whose seeds are sown gradually, in partnership with others, in dialogue with God and the world.

The unscheduled synchronicity and synergy of lives—including our own—are hints that God is working at the intersections of one-of-a-kind gifts. As Scripture (1 Kings 19:12) suggests, He is present in the quiet breeze, not in a political windstorm or an individual’s bluff and bluster.

When the time comes for Jimmy Carter’s obituary to be published, we would be foolish to read his life only as random headlines. The best role models boldly surf a current of connectedness which flows where it will, in the right direction for the right duration.

Such paths will be roller coasters. Carter’s one-term presidency was marked by his promise of truthfulness amid a full measure of tumults and errors. Later, he served on crucial diplomatic missions and worked to monitor democracies’ free and fair elections, but he was also called antisemitic for his criticism of Israeli policies.

Pundits mocked this compassionate evangelical Christian for his 1979 “malaise speech,” in which he coached Americans to overcome their “crisis of confidence.” He spoke prophetically:

“We can see this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation. The erosion of our confidence in the future is threatening to destroy the social and the political fabric of America.”

The June 27, 2024, debate between President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump affirmed Carter’s prediction of disabled governance.

A polarized populace witnessed that societal structures and party machines which once generated unifying leaders are now producing shadows of statesmanship who merely “fit in” and hardly bring us solace. Imaginative, big-picture ideas have morphed into performative survival strategies. Malaise has decayed into malice.

Upon Carter’s death, presidents of the past and present will gather at ceremonies to remember him, prompting millions to review the paths we’ve taken together. Sadly, we may see we’re stuck in ruts of narcissism and relativism. Perhaps too few people have stepped forward to share fresh, authentic, virtuous messages, or to respond to them when recognized.

An extra dose of quotes from the former president will help us recall, and maybe recapture, his heartsongs. This founder of The Carter Center and long-time partner with Habitat for Humanity has said he wants to be known for “waging peace” and championing human dignity.

His “tough love” for our nation carries the power to stir and strengthen us: “America did not invent human rights,” he said. “In a very real sense, human rights invented America.”

He wants us to be instruments of those rights: “To be true to ourselves, we must be true to others.” But it all must start with our own initiative, enabled by higher truths.

Carter, like his young friend Mattie, explained he was driven by a relationship with God. He has said, “My faith demands that I do whatever I can, wherever I am, whenever I can, for as long as I can, with whatever I have, to try to make a difference.”

People inspired by Mattie’s similar determination have formed the Mattie J.T. Stepanek Foundation, which provides resources for the teaching of peace studies. A variety of activities named for him continue in various locales to spread the message, “just peace.”

There is also a Mattie J.T. Stepanek Guild, which is gathering information on how this young humanitarian lived and how he inspired others. As they are wont to do, some Catholics are thinking of sainthood as the ultimate legacy—not something to capture and categorize in an obituary, but a reality with which we can always interact.

The guild must compile documentation to present for archdiocesan review, leading to a “cause for canonization.” That would await Rome’s scrutiny and papal review.

Like all worthy pursuits, this will take time. It’s an opportunity for regenerating uniquely dynamic hearts and minds that can lead us beyond 2024. Fortunately, the influential lifespan we desire—for Mattie, for his friend Jimmy, and for all of us—is unlimited. Carter is here to tell us: Go forth.

You can find this commentary also in “Phronesis in Pieces” at billschmitt.substack.com. Please consider subscribing and sharing.

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Pope Calls for ‘Healthy Politics’ to Remedy AI Wounds

Pope Francis brought his campaign for a new modus vivendi between humans and artificial intelligence directly to a meeting of world leaders on June 14. His sobering message: Governments—and all of us—must up our game in confronting the moral hazard of digital developments.

“The onus is on politics to create the conditions” for fruitful uses of AI, but first things first, he advised. Such efforts can be made only through “healthy politics,” and that elusive goal requires real intelligence.

Government authorities must make difficult, well-considered decisions based on “wisdom—the phronesis of Greek philosophy and, in part, the wisdom of Sacred Scripture.” Francis addressed President Joe Biden and leaders from six other countries (plus the European Union) attending last week’s G7 meeting in Italy.

Phronesis, described by Aristotle as judgment combining values and morals to take practical action toward what is good, involves human hearts. Such decisions are different from the technical “choices” made by computer algorithms, the Pope said in his speech.

Leaders must incorporate a wise and worldwide spectrum of people’s concerns when overseeing AI. That’s because AI is “an exciting and fearsome tool” portending “epochal transformations.”

To build a future of hope and confidence, governments must exercise “a healthy politics involving the most diverse sectors and skills”—integrating economics and human creativity with “a political, social, cultural, and popular program directed to the common good.”

Francis cited both benefits and dangers in what he called the “cognitive-industrial revolution,” but he expressed dissatisfaction with the current state of world politics.

“Global society is suffering from grave structural deficiencies that cannot be resolved by piecemeal solutions or quick fixes,” he said, speaking to the representatives from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States.

“Much needs to change, through fundamental reform and major renewal” in order to prevent AI from stifling human dignity and values.

The Pope fears that unrestrained growth in AI “could bring with it a greater injustice between advanced and developing nations or between dominant and oppressed social classes,” replacing a “culture of encounter” with a “throwaway culture.”

Human beings have made tools throughout history, developing each with a purpose and requiring ethics to discern their freedom and responsibility in using each device well, Francis pointed out.

But AI is a unique tool because it “can autonomously adapt” to an assigned task and “make choices independent of the person.” Determining the good use of AI devices “will not be fully under the control of either the users or the programmers who defined their original purposes.”

This tool will have growing influence over “our social relationships and even the way we conceive of our identity as human beings.”

Persons are created to be “radically open to the beyond” and to the future, the Pope said. “Our openness to others and to God originates from this reality, as does the creative potential of our intelligence with regard to culture and beauty.”

He went on, “We would condemn humanity to a future without hope if we took away people’s ability to make decisions about themselves and their lives, by dooming them to depend on the choices of machines.”

Francis urged banning the use of “lethal autonomous weapons,” for example, because crucial life-and-death decisions must engage personal accountability. “No machine should ever choose to take the life of a human being.”

In general, we must not surrender control to a technology that searches for more data—not for more truth—to modify itself, he said.

Sometimes, programmers are themselves uncertain how their AI brainchild arrived at particular results. This mystery will intensify with quantum computing obeying the “complex laws of quantum physics.”

Other programmers will not realize how a machine’s mere computations might be toxified with bias.

The Pontiff posited an example: Suppose a judge is deciding whether to keep a convict imprisoned or to allow home-confinement. An AI system gathers abundant data about the prisoner’s private life in various pre-set categories, perhaps including ethnicity, education level, and credit rating.

Supposedly objective data “may implicitly incorporate prejudices inherent in the categories,” Francis warned. The AI choices which result, while well-informed in a sense, could change a person’s future without considering basic truths and principles. “Human beings are always developing,” for instance, “and are capable of surprising us by their actions.”

Even a more mundane AI function like “chatbots” can hold conversations and build “close relationships” with users, reassuring them and convincing them that certain facts are definitely and universally true, the Pope said.

So-called “generative” AI, now known for writing students’ essays, is not generating any new concepts or analyses. Instead, it is repeating and reinforcing the information it finds most prevalent—without checking for “errors or preconceptions.”

Francis pointed out that education “should provide students with the possibility of authentic reflection.” Reliance on AI “not only runs the risk of legitimizing fake news and strengthening a dominant culture’s advantage, but, in short, it also undermines the educational process itself.”

He cautioned against “a loss, or at least an eclipse, of the sense of what is human and an apparent reduction in the significance of the concept of human dignity.” The world already seems to be “losing the value and profound meaning of one of the fundamental concepts of the West: that of the human person.”

Without individual dignity to inspire virtuous purposes for AI, developers of technology might pursue advantage in a game of sheer power, “enabling certain people to perform specific actions while preventing others from performing different ones.”

In light of all these concerns, Pope Francis reminded the world leaders of the “Rome Call for AI Ethics,” which started accumulating signatories in 2020. The document has won broad credibility and influence, calling for “ethical moderation” of AI through a “global and pluralistic platform” of principles he calls “algor-ethics.”

Francis acknowledged that his long crusade for algorithms which serve humanity, rejecting any “technocratic paradigm” of the future, requires broad agreement among “cultures, religions, international organizations and major corporations.”

That’s where politics comes in, he told the G7 leaders, calling for a quantum leap in the wisdom called phronesis:

“If we struggle to define a single set of global values, we can … find shared principles with which to address and resolve dilemmas or conflicts regarding how to live.”

Of course, the collaboration must belong to everyone, not only seven governments. As mentioned in last week’s Washington Post coverage of the Pope’s ongoing AI mission, detailed in Phronesis in Pieces on May 8, his message to the world echoes his parting words in a 2019 conversation with a Microsoft executive—“Keep your humanity.”

Image from ClipSafari.com, a collection of Creative Commons designs.

This article is also available at “Phronesis in Pieces” at billschmitt.substack.com. It is a special “Fresh Phronesis” bonus post, not part of the usual publication cycle.

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‘I Remind You, You’re Under Oath’

Amid the courtroom traumas of lawfare and divisive political chatter we might call “jawfare,” one upbeat element of America’s news diet still speaks well of us.

Journalists chronicle this edifying subtext halfheartedly, more in its breach than in its observance.

The theme is an old-timey triad—truth, justice, and the American way. People publicly commit to embrace reality and integrity for the common good. To do this, we often use solemn oaths.

Some folks make headlines by breaking these bonds, but oaths endure as part of our civic DNA. By taking them, much of the populace gives a shout-out to human dignity in today’s laissez-faire public square. Without this infrastructure of hope, the media’s endless coverage of perjuries, prevarications, and misleading theatrics would be even more tragic than it is.

Through formal, sincere words, not so different from prayers, we pledge to others—and usually swear to God—that we will speak honestly and act honorably to accomplish something meaningful. Oaths lay the groundwork for hero stories.

Think of oaths as traffic lights our society installed at busy intersections—where the winding roads of individual lives and secular culture meet highways of virtue. Our inner GPS systems are free to roam the whole map, so we can choose routes.

The green arrows and turning lanes at moral crossroads are not mundane signage. They facilitate paths we need to take at key moments in our daily travels.

Oaths that keep all sorts of people moving on orderly journeys deserve deeper appreciation and renewed attention:

U.S. presidents-elect take a succinct oath at their inauguration.The text is mandated by Article II of the Constitution. Most presidents have added at the end, “So help me God.” We are told that all but a few have placed their hand on a Bible while swearing.

Vice presidents-elect, members of Congress, Supreme Court justices, and federal employees take a slightly longer oath. They too “solemnly swear (or affirm)” to support and defend the U.S. Constitution—“without mental reservation or purpose of evasion”—and to perform their duties “well and faithfully.” There is no mention of loyalty to a current president or any supervisor.

Lawful residents seeking naturalized US citizenship take an Oath of Allegiance. This caps a demanding process outlined at the US Citizenship and Immigration Services website. The ten steps include an interview, an English test, and a civics test. (The 128 possible questions for the 2020 civics test are found online.)

Elected and appointed officers of the 50 states are required to take an oath, although there are variations in the wording; the text from Texas is one example. Customization of the words increases as we reach down to municipal and other government offices.

Justices and judges in courts established by US law are required to solemnly swear they will “administer justice without respect to persons and do equal right to the poor and to the rich” under the Constitution and laws of the nation.

Witnesses in court trials take an oath which must be “designed to impress that duty [truthfulness] on the witness’s conscience,” as the Cornell Law School website explains. The paradigmatic promise is to tell “the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God.” The US House of Representatives impeached President Bill Clinton in 1998 for lying under oath and obstructing justice—based on his testimony in a lawsuit. The US Senate later acquitted him.

Those testifying before House or Senate committees will usually, but not always, be required to take an oath similar to that of a court witness. Deviations from the truth could lead to perjury penalties of a fine and/or five years in prison, says the Oberheiden law firm’s website.

Jurors in court trials may be asked to take two oaths, according to the Judicial Council of California Juror Handbook. Once potential jurors are assembled, they agree to answer truthfully the questions they’ll be asked by the judge and attorneys in the voir dire filtering process.Those selected for the case must then pledge “to decide [a verdict] using only the evidence from the trial” and “to follow the judge’s instructions about the law,” the handbook says.

Members of the military take an Oath of Enlistment, swearing to support and defend the US Constitution “against all enemies, foreign and domestic,” to bear allegiance to the Constitution, and to “obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me …. So help me God.” This text does mention a human to heed—the Commander-in-Chief.

Lawyers must be sworn-in before practicing within their various state bars. In California, for example, they pledge to support the US and state constitutions and, as officers of the court, to “strive to conduct myself at all times with dignity, courtesy, and integrity.”

Police officers take the oaths appropriate to them as officers of a particular locale. The International Association of Chiefs of Police also has set forth an Oath of Honor “to punctuate the importance of treating all individuals with dignity and respect and ensuring the preservation of human life.”

Most medical doctors take the Hippocratic Oath in its classical or revised forms, as administered by schools of medicine. There is no “so help me God” conclusion; indeed, the original statement, written as a code of conduct by Greek physician Hippocrates around 400 BC, swears by Apollo, Asclepius, and “all the gods and goddesses.” A common updated version excludes “do no harm” language, although it humbly asserts, “Above all, I must not play at God.”

In short, oaths are everywhere. Many of them are old, part of a legacy that we should preserve if our post-truth society tries to pave over those transcendent intersections or clearly drawn lines.

Oaths are not utilized much as modes of communication within religious circles. Some forms of signage exist, however. It is common to see the sign of the cross—body language for a Christian saying or doing something in the Lord’s name.

In the Catholic Church, there is no “inaugural oath” for a new pope. Nevertheless, all members of the College of Cardinals, which elects the pope, take an oath before their voting begins.

Among other things, cardinals agree as a group to keep their deliberations and votes secret. They add: “We likewise promise, pledge, and swear that whichever of us by divine disposition is elected Roman Pontiff will commit himself faithfully to carry out” the ministry of the Apostle Peter.

The ordination of Catholic priests requires them to make a series of solemn promises in the sacrament of Holy Orders. These include acceptance of celibacy, as well as obedience to their bishop. If the priest is joining a religious order, such as the Franciscans, he takes “vows” of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

By one definition, vows specify something to be done or avoided, while oaths regard the judgment and belief of the person—exercising one’s agency to choose proper actions and allegiances.

These terms may appear rarely within interfaith dialogues, but their application to everyday secular life can sound theological alarms.

“Vows and oaths are both considered weighty matters in Jewish thought,” according to the My Jewish Learning website. Some permissions are given, but not for “swearing casually,” says Torah.org. The scriptural prohibition in Numbers 30:3 holds sway, as does the instruction which Jews and Protestants call the Third Commandment and Catholics count as the Second Commandment: “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.”

The Catechism of the Catholic Church says some oaths are illegitimate, but taking oaths “for grave and right reasons (for example, in court),” is good—as long as they are applied “in truth, in judgment, and in justice.”

What’s more, according to the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia, a legitimate oath can be considered “an act of homage rendered by the creature to the wisdom and omnipotence of the Creator.”

On the other hand, perjury displays a “grave lack of respect for the Lord,” according to the Catechism. A false oath sinfully “calls on God to be witness to a lie”—a fabrication which can do great damage to persons and to “the justice and fairness of judicial decisions.” (paragraphs 2151, 2152, 2476)

Alas, observers nowadays assess the gravity of perjury largely in terms of risking criminal prosecution, not in terms of societal solidarity, reputation, or conscience.

Our culture’s tendencies toward narcissism, relativism, and moralism lead us to judge actions by the advantages gained and to judge people by the emotions triggered. Fraught conflicts are the settings where we’re likely to explode into a very different genre we also call “oaths”—blasphemies and ugly turns of phrase.

It’s far more beneficial to take virtuous, well-considered, no-nonsense oaths, and to take them seriously.

They empower us with credibility and clout. They’re solid agreements we have made by which our actions and/or words participate in higher authorities and historical purposes. They show we’ve got our act together, and it’s not an act.

Oaths dignify us when we have shown resoluteness by making a firm promise. We add a note of homage if we swear to God, humbly requesting His help in our follow-through and boldly calling on Him as a character witness (or expert witness!) on our behalf.

Also, oaths unify us. They’re force-multipliers because they intensify elements of truth and trust which make relationships and teamwork possible. Our accountability to a shared mission is spelled out and affirmed as noble. We’re joined to predecessors who expressed the same aspirations.

Thanks to Americans who care about oaths, our memory that these have served society well can form a bulwark for the future.

They help prevent the nation’s principled “rule of law” from morphing into a Machiavellian strategy of “rule by law,” which is one definition of lawfare. And they’ll avoid our notion of “government as servant” morphing into reliance upon a “government as sugar-daddy,” a transactional distributor of goodies.

What can we do to shore up society’s storehouse of lofty, personal commitments? They inevitably come under micro-attack from indifferent individuals and macro-attack from those pushing alternative sources of power, dignity, and unity. People who conjure or promote their own big-picture worldviews often flap their jaws, or worse, against more traditional perspectives.

Here are five precautions we can take:

Model oath-adjacent lives, engaged in civil society where citizens recognize and share duties, goals, and hopes for the common good—to strengthen each other.

Model oath-capable lives, comfortable with aiming for excellence and focusing on reality’s panorama—the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

Model weight-bearing lives, ready to sacrifice and suffer for the most important causes, prepared and motivated to pay the costs of faith and neighborly love.

Model value-literate lives, championing the genius built into our oaths—such as swearing loyalty to enduring principles of the Constitution and justice, not random bosses or convenient alliances.

Model seriously joyful lives, able to exhibit both intentionality and peace of mind, taming with purpose and prudence our urge for idle or hostile jawboning.

A refreshed attentiveness to oaths can improve the way we consume news about many subjects, from immigration and national security to laws and their enforcement. It may spark our imaginations and add wisdom to policy discussions, or clarity to friendly chats about how we see the world.

We might ponder which responsibilities resonate with us and can serve as the solid ground from which we’ll launch missions together. Could we find the concrete words to write an oath, or mission statement, for ourselves?

Let’s keep better track of the promises folks make and then breach—truths we profess and then betray. Solemn intentions provide the conscience with indicators, quantitative and qualitative, of righteousness.

In an age when some people define their own identities with little thought about greater potential or community roles, we might refine our identities partly with reference to the first and last words of the typical oath: “I, (state name), do solemnly swear to….. So help me God.” Using that formulation, we can say it all.

Image from ClipSafari.com, a collection of Creative Commons designs.

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‘There’s the Glass House. Here’s the Stone.’

Our society’s embrace of the all-purpose polarizer—the worldview labeled “oppressed vs. oppressor” or “victim vs. victimizer”—prompts us to weaponize everything, including guilt. We’ve got lots of glass houses and plenty of stones.

Guilt is already a formidable material when it resides inside us. Today’s politicized viewpoints, seen in campus protest mobs and many other settings, reveal that our personal pangs are now marauding throughout a secular culture that has no cure for them.

Where No Analogy Has Gone Before

Such pangs are nothing new, in the present or future. They were pictured in “The Doomsday Machine,” a familiar episode of the original Star Trek. It was televised in the 1960s, when Americans were hyper-aware of the nuclear threat called mutual assured destruction (MAD).

In the story, a massive planet-eating device was loose in the galaxy, having been invented by a civilization to destroy an enemy’s planet and then having turned against its creators. This liberated it to feed on solar systems as its Golden Corral buffet.

The plot thickened, with a touch of Moby Dick. The machine nearly wrecked Commodore Matt Decker’s starship. And he was traumatized by guilt over an error in judgment which, amid the mayhem, killed his crew of four hundred.

In his pain, he commandeered Captain James Kirk’s USS Enterprise to undertake a hopeless attack on the device. He then stole a shuttle craft, piloting it down the machine’s long maw. He perished, but the planet-killer was unscathed. Ultimately, free of Decker’s obsessive influence, Kirk & Co. proceeded to destroy the menace.

We’ll leave outer space on a galvanizing note. Early in the episode, Decker described with horror his automated nemesis: “They say there’s no devil, Jim, but there is! Right out of hell. I saw it.”

This story connects to 2024 via thoughts about the devil and the nature of guilt.

The Plot is Still Thickening

An article in Catholic Answers magazine, “Satan Wants You to Feel Bad,”reminds us that we derive the name Satan from the Hebrew for “accuser.” Author John Grondelski says he notices “two kinds of accusation people encounter when they examine their consciences and prepare for confession.”

The first type is the private work of a well-formed, active conscience. It makes us feel guilty, either before or after a moral mistake. We speak of examining our conscience although, in a sense, it examines us.

Its purpose is not to haunt or persecute a person, or to trigger thoughts of doom, but to engage our moral accountability, calling us to seek and receive forgiveness. This is God’s gift to reboot us—to help us get right with Him and our neighbors, for our good and a greater good, Grondelski says.

Type-two guilt comes from Satan—as an end, not a means. It deflates our dignity, inflicting depression and despair. There’s real danger here: Persons in this state, if they find no relief, may normalize and externalize the condition. Paraphrasing the movie Wall Street, “guilt is good.”

We grapple with this force, possibly seeking internal respite by dismissing its importance or numbing it by artificial means. Meanwhile, we risk opening the door for broader mischief and chaos. Results may vary, but we are well advised to steer clear of manipulative accusations, regardless of ideology.

Christ gave us the Church in order to deal with (not to dwell upon) the problem of sin—including both kinds of guilt. When individuals and communities build Godly relationships, love, justice, and mercy douse the fire. Otherwise, the flames spread.

America’s affliction with depression and suicide gives us reason to be concerned. Psychologists both explore this problem and offer therapies. Their research extends into analyses of clinical depression as opposed to guilt, shame, and “self-hate,” but all of these are precarious.

One Psychology Today article addresses “self-hate” by recommending a process of “self-forgiveness” which we initiate by forgiving others. This is good advice, although laypersons could question whether it’s possible. True forgiveness is an act of love, and as the maxim goes, “You can’t give to others what you don’t have yourself.”

Without transcendent, personal values, a populace forgetting God might be tempted to minimize type-one guilt and maximize utilitarian, externalized guilt.

The Young and the Innocent

Social commentator Rob Henderson, known for his 2024 book, Troubled: A Memoir of Foster Care, Family, and Social Class, coined the term “luxury beliefs” several years ago, defining them as “ideas and opinions that confer status on the upper class but often inflict real costs on the lower classes.”

This would explain some progressive approaches by which elites choose certain practices—deemed prestigious, like luxury goods—while they might display only shallow sympathy for lower classes’ options. Henderson says positions such as defunding the police, emphasizing identity politics, and dismissing traditional family strengths can be signals used uncaringly by elites as a kind of currency among themselves.

In an “amen” not mentioned by Henderson, a new South Park episode, “The End of Obesity,” satirizes “fat kid” Cartman’s inability to afford one of the new weight-loss drugs. The doctor’s alternative prescription is to watch Lizzo videos and feel good about himself. Cartman interprets: “Rich people get Ozempic, poor people get body positivity.”

Luxury beliefs help diagnose the odd inclusiveness/separatism mash-up  now evolving on college campuses. But Henderson does not seem to explore an underlying motivation—namely, the guilt that some students may wrestle with regarding their wealth and their admission to the “best” schools. They know there’s an awful imbalance of class and clout in the US economy and the world.

An Inside Higher Education article by Steven Mintz affirms this. When students arrive at the most competitive colleges, “many feel enormously guilty and struggle to rectify their lottery win.”

Faced with embarrassment about privilege, on or off campus, it seems many people of all ages and backgrounds cultivate belief in the “oppressed vs. oppressor” model. This might include calls for DEI and ESG standards, as well as various policies and practices affecting social cohesion.

Some of their proposals are idealistically simple or pragmatically soothing, amenable to an “auto-pilot” mode sustained by metrics, policy reforms, appearance, and performance. Innovative virtue systems leapfrog over the rigors and renewal of an active conscience. They may make sense for one situation or issue, but not fit so well in another.

They’re often cordoned off from debate and quality assessment, even though they affect complicated human circumstances—from life paths and freedoms to emotions and self-esteem.

Most people take anti-oppression stands with the best intentions. But the self-protective fervor with which some advocates condemn anyone who questions the remedies creates division. An oppressive spirit flows from guilt and imposes guilt on others.

Our Built-In Virtue System

Another human circumstance we should respect is the hunger for truth and practical wisdom. We generally want to do the right and just thing, and we need solid truths, however inconvenient, as a common ground for reasoning and reckoning.

When informed consciences justly accuse us of abandoning the mistreated and marginalized, we should wise up. But we may bristle if we suspect that word games and psy-ops of a post-truth culture are trying to change facts or blur nuances. Perceived manipulation accordingly spreads a type-two guilt that disturbs our efforts to use reason and faith.

“Conscience expresses itself in acts of judgment which reflect the truth about the good, and not in arbitrary decisions,” according to the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church. There is no “universal” conscience to conform to. It’s part of each life’s adventure.

Exercising the conscience, ideally but not necessarily in light of the nation’s most enduring principles, requires diligent discernment by each individual, not groupthink delivered by theories and opinion leaders.

Mature judgments, giving each person responsibility and agency, must be based on “an insistent search for truth … allowing oneself to be guided by that truth in one’s actions,” according to the Compendium (paragraph 139).

In other words, the currency of conscience is unadulterated reality, not mere ideas we can adopt to gain advantage, prestige, or a fake peace of mind. A single currency allows us to exchange wisdom.

Thinking about guilt is complicated, so human beings try to avoid it. “The modern drama of guilt has not followed the script that was written for it,” historian Wilfred McClay said in a 2018 lecture to the deNicola Center for Ethics and Culture at the University of Notre Dame.

The philosopher Nietzsche expected a further development of mankind that would remove the desire for a judgmental God, spawn the smart but solitary Ubermensch, and set us free from guilt.

Instead, technology has made us more likely to know about, care about, and try to control much of the world around us. Confronting a scene of immense change and connectedness, “the range of our moral responsibility and potential guilt” has expanded, said McClay. In fact, “guilt has metastasized.”

Guilt by Disassociation

Therapeutic approaches have tried to paint guilt as merely psychological, subjective, and emotional. Many view forgiveness as merely a genteel act, rather than the sharing of a gift to preserve and unite our human ecology.

In some circles, reconciliation (or the lack of it) may be a way of saying “nothing really matters.” Elsewhere, it matters greatly.  

America may be in the grip of a particular paradox, as McClay put it: We face “a world of limitless moralism rooted in limitless relativism.” Plenty of people, all along the political spectrum, define their own truths about good and evil and target recalcitrants who disagree.

We then point fingers of guilt at individuals and entire groups without understanding their whole story or motivation. Our accusations assume the worst about people’s hearts. We become hateful, blithely calling others cruel names, even promoting violence.

Alas, we forget that  fingers can be pointed back toward us. Nobody’s perfect. (This suggests caution in using “elites” as a negative moniker, for example.)

The social problems which cause our angry guilt never get solved. In fact, many cases involve both sides sharing responsibility, as with America’s unsustainable debt. Politicians barely address important issues if neither party foresees a victory through blame.

The modern MADs of mutual assured detraction and distraction paralyze us. The conscientious power of type-one guilt—to nudge us toward correcting moral errors and reconnecting with others—isn’t allowed to kick in.

If only we recognized that we all share responsibility for this mess, we could recover common purpose and common sense.

We need someone to resurrect awareness of guilt as both a potential doomsday machine and a difficult but desirable path away from the precipice. Our contentious marketplace of ideas and infotainment too rarely serves up wisdom that seeps into individual souls.

Can We Handle the Truth?

Faith is the only force that can shift us toward a more peaceful, humble road—traveled by comrades in meaningful relationships, not by advocacy groups rallying the troops.

Yes, religion got a bad reputation as a punitive, destructive force when it was the primary institution talking about guilt. This recalls Archbishop Fulton Sheen’s remark from decades ago: “There are not one hundred people in the US who hate the Catholic Church, but there are millions who hate what they wrongly perceive the Catholic Church to be.”

Of course, this applies to views of other religions, too, such as current warnings about “Christian nationalists” and vile stereotypes of peoples and beliefs. And, yes, some Catholic leaders and followers made grave mistakes trying to be managers of guilt, especially when the Church held both spiritual and earthly reins.

Today, in a culture that has a God-shaped hole in its heart, secular strategists try to seize the reins of guilt everywhere, inflicting it on foes and absolving it for friends. Modern-day indulgences?

Toying with personal conscience can sever connections not only with God and neighbor, but with our own integrity and trustworthy participation in civic life. In all of these realms, good, evil, and compassion really matter.

Religious leaders need to start talking about guilt again—not pointing fingers, but opening their arms to everyone who feels the pangs. That’s just about everyone, although some of us give the devil the reins before we regain self-control.

Shall we reconcile with others before we forgive ourselves? Well, it’s easier first to receive love and then extend that love to our least favorite politicians.

Believers need to spread more stories about their quests traversing sin, reckoning, guilt, confession, redemption, and hope. If we listen closely to news interviews, we’ll hear ex-victims, and ex-victimizers, voice thanks for their life-changing journeys all the time.

Step one is easy: Recall the hymn, “Amazing Grace.” When guilt is weaponized and conscience seems doomed, it’s time to announce the good news of our neediness—and our empowerment.

This worldview can begin to disarm all protagonists and sow seeds of peaceful penitence: “’Twas grace that taught my heart to fear, and grace my fears relieved.”

First image generated by the AI Designer function of Microsoft’s Bing. Second image, reprinted by permission, is from the cartoonist Rex May, known as “Baloo.” See his website.

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Updating the Pope’s AI Messages—Download Data, Upload Souls

This commentary is also published in Phronesis in Pieces, found at billschmitt.substack.com.

Six months can bring a lot of action in the world of artificial intelligence. Pope Francis began 2024 with two messages to the Catholic Church probing AI’s prospects for good or ill. Now a half-year later, he plans to attend a G7 meeting in Italy to address the subject with world leaders.

Between those bookends, passing days have brought varied signs and wonders. They have raised awareness, on both the secular and spiritual fronts, in both positive and negative ways, about the Pope’s instruction: We must resist machine learning’s temptation “to become like God without God.”

That quote is from the Vatican’s teaching on its 58th World Day of Social Communications, which takes place May 12. As reported earlier when the document was previewed on Jan. 24, the title says it all: “AI and the Wisdom of the Heart: Towards a Fully Human Communication.”

In other words, this is a time when people must up our game—pursuing “a deeper spirituality and new freedom and interiority”—faster than AI ups its game. Big Data and “large language models” are boosted by huge investments, global competition, and, among many, visions of life-changing gains for the common good.

Supplementing our talents artificially can help us understand our “patrimony of written knowledge from past ages” and provide “loving service” through medicine, communication, and improvements for human labor, for example, Pope Francis acknowledged.

But it can also cause a “technology of simulation” that misinforms and misleads us,  disconnects us from reality, makes us lazy in our relationships and highest aspirations, and feeds dangerous dreams of grandeur, according to the World Communications Day document.

We must humbly embrace our mortality and frailties, as well as our immortality in the hands of God—something not to be handed over to AI, the Pope said.

In a previous document, presented on Jan. 1, the Vatican’s 57th World Day of Peace, Francis also warned of geopolitical propaganda and strategies “to control everything” while “losing control over ourselves.” In the name of “absolute freedom,” we risk creating a “technological dictatorship,” he said.

The Vatican has called for “a binding international treaty” to regulate the development and use of artificial intelligence. Pope Francis and several key representatives have been meeting with top executives in the field and with various religious leaders. Church members are promoting particular initiatives through which tech experts can cooperate with theologians, philosophers, and other disciplines to ensure a “person-centered” AI.

This cooperation could take a giant leap when the G7 countries hold their next meeting on July 13-15, with key attendees from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, along with the European Union. It’s the first time a pope has been invited to address the group, and his subject will be AI.

The discussions can’t come soon enough, given the pace of breakthroughs, the craving for data, and an opportunity that was missed in 2023. Many global tech execs, such as Elon Musk, had signed a letter proactively requesting a “pause” in developments to discuss risks and regulation, but research has accelerated instead.

A surge of news, some very recent, some ongoing, has arisen since Pope Francis’s messages in January:

New signatories to the “Rome Call for AI Ethics” were named in late April. The CEO of technology giant Cisco and the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby were among the latest to agree to the document, which the Vatican composed in 2020. It urges that developments in AI be socially beneficial and reflect transparency and accountability.

The Rome Call seeks signatures from companies, global and national governance organizations, and leaders of religions. Many groups have joined previously.  

The RenAIssance Foundation, a non-profit established in 2021 by Pope Francis within the Pontifical Academy for Life, continues to promote the Rome Call and to support broader international debate on AI ethics.

The foundation’s science director is Franciscan Father Paolo Benanti, a professor and principal advisor to Pope Francis who is playing many influential roles. He sits on the United Nations advisory body on artificial intelligence. He heads Italy’s national committee on AI.

Vatican discussions with top executives are following paths already well-trodden, according to a comprehensive report by Religious News Service on April 29. That pattern has included annual “Minerva Dialogues” held in March in Rome, as well as informal gatherings.

Father Philip Larrey, a Boston College professor who works with Francis on AI issues, said experts eagerly approach the Pope, “asking questions about ethics and the ramifications of what they are doing.” He added, “The Catholic tradition has an amazing framework that is incredibly relevant today.”

Larrey chairs Humanity 2.0, a combined institute and educational academy, which facilitates collaborative ventures between the public, private, and faith-based sectors. It focuses on using AI in “innovative solutions” which promote “human flourishing,” according to its website.

Listen to the audio podcast of Bill Schmitt’s interview with Father Larrey, recorded in January. They discuss the World Communications Day message and the United States context in which AI challenges and policies are being addressed. (mp3 file)

Another priest, Dominican Father Eric Salobir, participates in various meetings, RNS reported. Several years ago, he established Optic, a research network committed to bringing the Catholic perspective in AI. He staged the first “Vatican Hackathon” in 2018, bringing hundreds of U.S. students to Rome to “workshop creative solutions to the world’s most pressing issues.”

Bishop Paul Tighe, the secretary of the Vatican Council for Culture who helped establish the Minerva Dialogues, told RNS his conversations with executives stress that computers must serve humanity. Unlike technology, he says, “humans have consciousness and relationality.”

Pope Francis held an audience with tech leaders on March 27, raising questions to consider: Will AI increase inequality? “Could we lose our sense of having a shared destiny?” He told them, “Our true goal must be for the growth of scientific and technological innovation to be accompanied by greater equality and social inclusion,” as RNS reported.

A computer app, Magisterium AI, is being developed by a Catholic company named Longbeard, founded by Matthew Harvey Sanders. It aims to create “an accessible database of all Church teaching, according to RNS. The app was launched last year and is still being filled out with an abundance of documents in multiple languages.

Sanders told The Christian Post last month that Magisterium AI is already used by more than 180,000 people in 165 countries. As a bonus, Longbeard is working with various Catholic universities to help digitize their libraries. You can take the app for a spin at magisterium.tech.

Desdemona, an AI robot, spoke to a Vatican conference. Bioethics professor Father Michael Baggot introduced the robot, which has also been making the rounds at various secular meetings.  Baggot, who is another ambassador to tech leaders, told RNS his goal is to help the Church set aside fears of the technology and to use it in innovative, beneficial ways.

You can learn more about Desdemona, a colorful, well-spoken, somewhat awkward kind of “poster-robot” for the field, at its X account, @DesdemonaRobot.

The New York Times reported on a challenge facing AI developers of the present and the future. An investigative piece in April revealed that a few of America’s biggest technology companies have struggled to feed their AI products with data of all kinds from the Internet, raising questions about possible infringements of copyrights and their own companies’ rules.

Competition and the goal of making a more world-transforming database have prompted technologists to seek more creative ways to gorge their products with articles, books, videos, and more, reporter Cade Metz said on The Day podcast on April 16.

By one estimate, these products will have consumed copies of all the information on the internet by 2026, Metz said. If current and future lawsuits find that some building blocks of the content—articles written by news organizations, for example—were used improperly, it might constitute a kind of “original sin” that overshadows the technology going forward, as The New York Times put it.

Despite all these examples of an apparent googolplex of knowledge being assembled, and in light of the need to make sense of it in profound ways, the caveat from Pope Francis resonates. Humans must use their gift for building relationships. And AI will still lack “the wisdom of the heart.”

Image from ClipSafari.com, a collection of Creative Commons designs.

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Catholics Have Work to Do; Tech Schools Can Help

To celebrate this Feast of St. Joseph the Worker, May 1, we can channel the earthly father of Jesus and imagine his joy that Catholics increasingly see promise in a “tech school” education.

Americans have rediscovered the need to “get their hands dirty” for the sake of career progress, economic strength, and personal growth.

So far, Catholics have seen it happening at the long-lived Don Bosco Technical Institute, a college-prep high school run by the Salesian order in Rosemead, California. Founded in 1955, Bosco Tech is enrolling its first female students in 2026.

Harmel Academy, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, launched fully as a two-year Catholic college in January 2021.

The College of St. Joseph the Worker, a tech college, will open this fall in Steubenville, Ohio.

Also opened this year is Saint Peter Catholic High School in Galveston, Texas. It occupies the grounds of a former grade school.

Leaders say they’re considering a joint program in cybersecurity with Houston’s University of St. Thomas.

The schools were described in an Our Sunday Visitor article in March.  

This concept for Catholic schooling is just starting to build, you might say. But the emergence is concurrent with a rebirth of interest in vocational arts training in secular schools.

Such training faded years ago when high schools refocused on preparation for four-year college degrees. Those degrees have become unaffordable for many students, and they have become less suited to segments of the modern economy.

America’s huge “skills gap” has resulted in many essential fields being short-handed, according to “Dirty Jobs” host Mike Rowe at his MikeRoweWorks website.

He cites the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics report that “there are more than 7 million jobs available across the country, the majority of which don’t require a four-year degree.

The TV celebrity has been an influential activist, championing the education of more electricians, plumbers, mechanics, and welders, as well as technologists in medicine, energy, and construction, plus experts in carpentry, HVAC, computing and cybersecurity, architecture, materials, media, and more.

A post at Harmel’s website describes its Catholic roots:

“In his encyclical Laborem Exercens, St. John Paul II suggested that the key to social problems is a proper understanding of human work,” the college points out. “Above all else, Harmel Academy exists to help the working man develop an understanding of the dignity and adventure of work.”

The combination of teaching the Catholic faith and the skills for a trades career recalls the Benedictine motto, “Ora et Labora”—prayer and work.

As Father Dwight Longenecker wrote in The National Catholic Registerthe life of Benedictine monks blends prayer and working with one’s hands. That’s in tune with the word “liturgy,” which means “the work of the people.”

Work is not drudgery when it “becomes part of man’s high calling and service,” wrote Longenecker.

A 2005 book, Saint Benedict’s Rule for Business Success by Quentin Skrabec Jr., touts the Rule’s “organizational genius, which has had wide application beyond monastic groups.” It offers insights into “some of the most difficult resource management in business” and a must-read for entrepreneurs and managers.

With all the insights on offer from this first, growing batch of trade schools, St. Joseph the carpenter would be proud—well, let’s say pleased.

Image from ClipSafari.com, a collection of Collective Commons designs.

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Big Mess on Campus: ‘Fighting Irish’ Lessons on Unrest

The current tumult on college campuses, a sad erosion of their status as centers of wonder, excellence, and shared learning, invites us to go back a half-century and recall how one university community experienced a previous era of unrest.

Let’s visit the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, when Father Theodore Hesburgh was at roughly the midpoint of his remarkable presidential tenure (1952–1987).

Times That Try Men’s Souls

This priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross saw what he called “the student revolution”—especially events in 1969 and 1970—as the most burdensome period of his presidency,  according to Robert Schmuhl, who was among the “Fighting Irish” during those years and later an ND professor of journalism.

Schmuhl’s 2016 bookFifty Years with Father Hesburgh—On and Off the Record, will serve as one of the guides for our brief tour through those times. Our intent is not to apply Notre Dame’s tribulations either as prescriptions or proscriptions for 2024, but the actions of “Father Ted” highlight some context to consider.

As the university entered 1969, the Vietnam War was in its fifth year, and youthful opposition had led to demonstrations around the country—only a modicum at Notre Dame.

Then, in February, a number of students convened for a “conference on pornography and censorship.” Local police raided it to confiscate one of the movies being shown. Some attendees who resisted were bloodied, and police used mace. The violence “seemed to chart a different course for campus disturbances,” Schmuhl comments.

Father Ted responded in about a week—to the big picture, not the porn. He issued an eight-page letter to the university community to pre-empt disruptions on the private school’s grounds. The letter won nationwide news coverage, much of it favorable, reporting what became known as his “fifteen-minute rule.”

He said “anyone or any group that substitutes force for rational persuasion, be it violent or non-violent, will be given fifteen minutes of meditation to cease and desist.”

Schmuhl notes Hesburgh’s warning: “If ‘force’ rather than ‘rational persuasion’ continued beyond a quarter hour, suspension or explusion would follow.” This was “the first unequivocal statement by a university president in the United States about dealing with unrest that disrupted the activities of others in a detrimental manner.”

The letter stands out from recent newsworthy comments by university presidents regarding turbulence in 2024 for two reasons we might deem contradictory or anachronistic—its disciplinarian toughness and its combined academic and priestly appeal to people’s faith, reason, and reasonableness.

Even more quotable was the section of Father Ted’s letter describing his motivation: Needing police action on any campus, he said, is “a last and dismal alternative to anarchy and mob tyranny…. We can have a thousand resolutions as to what kind of a society we want, but when lawlessness is afoot and all authority is flouted … then we invoke the normal societal forces of law, or we allow the university to die beneath our hapless and hopeless gaze.”

Hesburgh continued (cited by Schmuhl): “I have no intention of presiding over such a spectacle. Too many people have given too much of themselves and their lives to this university to let this happen here.”

The fifteen-minute rule seemed to have support from the majority at the school, although it prompted outside opposition, including Time magazine’s call for Hesburgh’s resignation. Students tested the rule only once in 1969, and it led to ten suspensions but no expulsions.

Battling for Balance

A bigger potential problem was the support for the rule expressed by President Nixon. Father Ted was highly visible, serving as chair of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, an independent, bipartisan unit of the federal government.

According to historian Father Wilson Miscamble’s 2019 bookAmerican Priest: The Ambitious Life and Conflicted Legacy of Notre Dame’s Father Ted Hesburgh, the Nixon administration considered pushing severe legislation to fight anti-war “lawlessness”—an approach Hesburgh’s letter “had been composed to avoid.” He said he did not want to become “a folk hero among the hawks.”

It was time to clarify his position in a variety of ways. “Hesburgh deftly tacked back toward a stance more sympathetic to student concerns,” Miscamble writes. He established a popular program to teach the subject of nonviolence. He loosened up on lifestyle restrictions, granting more “visitation” rights for women in all-male dorms.

Notre Dame enjoyed a semblance of peace, compared to ongoing demonstrations around the country, through the early months of 1970.

Then, in late April, Nixon directed the invasion of Cambodia, and demonstrations resumed in South Bend. Activists disrupted a meeting of the university trustees, and further plans for violence were rumored, Miscamble reports.

Once again, Father Ted stepped forward promptly, but with a different tone. He had already called for the U.S. to withdraw from Vietnam, and on May 4 he spoke to a large student-sponsored rally. He offered another lengthy statement of broad vision.

This successor to the “fifteen minute rule” addressed the whole community and the nation, including its leaders. The name given to this proactive policy statement was the “Hesburgh Declaration.”

He bemoaned Nixon’s decision “to take yet another step into the quicksand.” While recognizing the president’s “sincerity and courage” as guided by his own lights, Father Ted rebutted, “Let me tell you why I do not agree.”

The speech went on to propose reasoning for the angry youths to embrace, just as he had explained his own motivations in the 1969 letter on discipline. In the “Hesburgh Declaration” text available through Notre Dame’s university archives, he urged a rejection of violence in the homeland, again sounding like an academic and a priest.

“I must tell you that, if the world is to be better than it presently is, you must prepare yourselves—intellectually, morally and spiritually, to help make it better,” he told the throng. “Striking classes, as some universities are doing, in the sense of cutting off your own education, is the worst thing you could do at this time, since your education and your growth in competence are what the world needs most, if the leadership of the future is going to be better than the leadership of the past and present.”

Summoning the Best in Students

He urged a heightened commitment to “whatever creative initiative that peace requires of us right now,” and he went on to posit common cause: “If you want to put this conviction into words, may I suggest the following statement that I would be proud to sign with you and transmit to the President.”

His six-point blueprint included: designating a definite date for U.S. withdrawal from the war; repatriation of all American prisoners of war; rebuilding a “new and hopeful society” in all of Indochina; allowing those nations self-determination in their paths forward; redirecting U.S. priorities away from war and toward national unity, with justice and “equality of opportunity”; and pledging “our persons, our talents, our honor, and our futures to help work for a better America and better world….”

Response to his speech was soon interrupted by tragic news.  The Ohio National Guard had shot and killed four students at Kent State University. On May 6, more than 5,000 Fighting Irish marched into town to protest those slayings and the war, as Miscamble’s book reports.

On May 7, Father Ted celebrated Mass for the Catholic feast day of the Ascension with a packed assembly in the university’s chapel. He eulogized the Kent State victims and pleaded that “ballots replace bullets” for American youth. (The voting age was 21 until the 26th Amendment to the Constitution in 1971.)

Miscamble said of the crucial week in May, “Hesburgh’s action helped keep these days of protest from taking a violent turn.” Through the series of events and a return to regular classes the following week, the mood trended toward peaceful, purposeful effort.

There was still much healing to be done, but students took numerous copies of the Hesburgh Declaration and distributed them as petitions, ultimately garnering 23,000 signatures from the South Bend area, according to the book by Schmuhl. Hesburgh sent them to Nixon.

Idealists saw a path of action, as well as a responsibility to make it noble and constructive. The turmoil remained, but there was a chance to find common ground with many Americans, including Father Ted, who later told Schmuhl of his pride in the campus’s “instinctive moral approach.”

This concludes our browse through Notre Dame’s Vietnam-era experience. Does it offer some helpful context for understanding the mess in our present moment?

Seeing the Good, Bad, and Ugly

The New York Times reported on April 28 that more than 800 people had been arrested around the country.

“Amid a dizzying array of standoffs involving pro-Palestinian demonstrations and encampments at colleges, schools that cracked down on protesters over the weekend [April 27-28] have given varying justifications for their actions, while others sent mixed signals with their inaction,” wrote Patricia Mazzei.

She said colleges that took action have cited “property damage, outside provocateurs, antisemitic expressions or just failures to heed warnings,” she said.

The reasons did not seem to include Hesburghian appeals to the respect for learning, peaceful persuasion, and long-term aspirations.

In fairness to the university administrations, they were facing situations different from Notre Dame circa 1969—activities based on proclamations of outright hatred, actual fear among classmates, and “oppressor vs. oppressed” perspectives tied to global politics and cultural polarization. Any opportunity for a pre-emptive “fifteen-minute rule” urging “meditation” on personal principles had long since disappeared, if it existed at all.

But the Times, also on April 28, published a commentary by columnist David FrenchColleges Have Gone Off the Deep End. There Is a Way Out,” which did contain echoes of Father Ted.

In a previous legal career that included defending many college demonstrators, French wrote, “I’ve learned that the issue of campus protest is remarkably complex and that campus culture is at least as important as law and policy in setting the boundaries of debate.”

He pointed to “profound confusion” at today’s colleges about distinctions between free speech, civil disobedience, and lawlessness, and also about schools’ “fundamental academic mission.”

Administrators, he said, should enforce “content-neutral legal rules that enable a diverse community to share the same space and enjoy equal rights” while protecting “access to educational opportunities” for all.

French cited three pieces of wisdom from Hesburgh’s own times.

Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said in 1965 those exercising civil disobedience must do it “lovingly” and “civilly” and “with a willingness to accept the penalty.”

Legal scholar Harry Kalven Jr. set forth the “Kalven Principles” for justice at the University of Chicago in 1967. A university is a “home” for critics, but is “not itself the critic.”

The U.S. Supreme Court said in a 1957 decision, “Teachers and students must always remain free to inquire, to study, and to evaluate, to gain new maturity and understanding; otherwise, our civilization will stagnate and die.”

French concluded by saying universities now should “declare unequivocally that they will protect free speech, respect peaceful civil disobedience, and uphold the rule of law by protecting the campus community from violence and chaos.”

Even if ideas can be hurtful, even if some administrators think their neutrality means complicity with injustice, French said colleges must protect everyone’s “ability to peacefully live and learn in a community of scholars.”

Our pursuit of clearer context amid the collegiate maelstrom can benefit from these points, regardless of any nostalgia for the simpler (?) times of the 20th century or for the days when priests could run schools with a touch of the disciplinarian.

About People and Purpose

The shaping of our policies and mind frames in these relatively undisciplined times ideally will include a view of education centered on persons and shared purposes, not obscured by faculty advocacy, trustee politics, intellectual theories, and funders’ strategic donations.

In the spirit of Hesburgh, professors and administrators should play a role as “public intellectuals” who formulate and propose positive trajectories in philosophy, policy, and practice. They should be among those starting wide conversations with well-reasoned ideas. Their vocation is education.

And they have the privilege of educating young adults at perhaps the most idealistic times in their lives. Undergraduates are thirsting for justice even as their generation endures disenchantment and deconstruction.

They must have a sense of responsibility not only to their course work, but to the higher reasons for their studies. Colleges shouldn’t dismiss them into the hands of invasive species of coordinated, manipulative show-runners.

College communities offer growth in moral principles, plus the preparation to keep informing and exercising them throughout life—partly for students themselves, partly for their country and world, and partly for their God.

An immersion in history is vital. With that gift, participants in today’s turbulence might be thinking deeper and broader thoughts, dealing better with complexity, and asking smarter questions of more people.

Any undercurrents of animus, or performing “oppressor vs. oppressed” scripts against classmates and others, are suicidal for university communities.  Hesburgh didn’t have to deal with many truly hateful people. Having had visceral experiences of wars, all generations recognized hate’s consequences. Most shared a basic respect for law and order.

Again, in fairness to today’s college leaders, they are dealing with levels of malice and strategic lawlessness which Notre Dame did not see. Actions, demands, procedures, and counter-arguments among zealous or self-protective stakeholders, including intellectuals, funders, lawyers, PR and DEI staffs, political influencers, and others create serious constraints for presidents.

They can’t act quickly when needed, speak spontaneously with their communities whenever possible, or find time to prepare detailed, panoramic insights when broader conversations can begin.

That is a big takeaway from our visit with Hesburgh: He was a great communicator at a time when scholars (and priests) could inspire avid pilgrims of peace.

He had the time to “read the room” and the proactive inclination to cultivate constructive bonds of accountability. Unburdened by a big academic bureaucracy or a post-truth culture, he could trust his gut, even though he was suffering much heartburn.

Hesburgh told Robert Schmuhl in 1989 that his management of the student-revolution days was “a monumental case of improvisation.” Today, that is a luxury many of us neither have nor seek. It requires years of disciplined education and formation before we can truly liberate ourselves.

Right now, our overall impression of the unrest is one of spontaneous combustion. Thanks largely to universities, Americans have a lot we can draw upon to pursue what endures. Notre Dame’s “Fighting Irish” remind us to seek wisdom in governing our fights, causes, and instincts.

Image from Bing’s “Designer” program, using AI. Note that two links to Father Hesburgh’s biography above take you to the Hesburgh.nd.edu website, for which Bill Schmitt was on the initial content-design team while working at ND.

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Our Magical Mystery Tour–Now Departing from Reality

Also check out the Magis Center blog, which this week posted a previous, related commentary by Bill Schmitt: “We Seek Authenticity, But Be Careful Defining What’s Real.” The Magis Center is directed by Father Robert Spitzer, SJ.

Breathe in the magical realism that is all around us. Are you sniffing the literary genre we identify with 20th century Latin American authors? Or the latest iterations of the style now morphing in multiple media? Or the phenomenon we witness in non-fiction, indeed in the way we think? Yes!

This perspective on life will gain attention in all three cultural currents this year and beyond. We would be wise to remember what we thought we knew about it so we’re prepared to catch its drift .

Lots of students have been taught that magical realism referred to a somewhat esoteric style which emerged around the 1930s, mainly in art and literature and notably (but not exclusively) in Latin American novels. Brittanica.com says it is “characterized by the matter-of-fact inclusion of fantastical or mythical elements into seemingly realistic fiction.”

The encyclopedia adds that this hybrid approach has cultural resonance. Scholars see its roots in “post-colonial writing” because it strives to “make sense of at least two separate realities—the reality of the conquerors as well as that of the conquered.”

Mysteries that Span Decades

Various writers worldwide have injected imaginative features—telepathic characters, even a moon that speaks—into otherwise realistic storytelling. Their goal: to emphasize and illuminate aspects of truth whose complex authenticity defies a merely prosaic presentation.

One esteemed exemplar, Gabriel Garcia Márquez, featured an otherworldly element in his 1967 novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, as an article by Master Class points out: A Colombian family’s patriarch dreams about a city of mirrors, and that city takes shape physically, and mysteriously, across generations.

Here come our first connections to the present day. The Netflix streaming service has released a video preview of a 16-episode serialization of One Hundred Years of Solitude, coming soon to a screen near you.

Magical realism is not new to small or large screens. Observers have said TV series such as Stranger Things and Westworld utilized the style. They have spotted it in films like Woody Allen’s The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) and Midnight in Paris (2011), as well as Disney’s Encanto (2021).

A headline in The New York Times calls the new movie Omen a “trippy” drama which “explores Congolese society through magical realism.” It “operates on another—frenzied, magical, gender-bending—wavelength,” the Times reviewer said on April 11.

Several months ago, the newspaper reviewed a noteworthy movie produced by Japanese anime master Hayao Miyazaki, now 82. The Boy and the Heron uses magical realism to tap into experiences from Miyazaki’s own life.

This animated film has been thriving in theaters and on platforms, but the Times reviewer advises audiences to watch it as an “exercise in contemplation” because it’s so enigmatic. “Magical fires rage, souls of the preborn and the dead mingle, and the fate of the universe is determined in ways unclear.”

It appears the enigmas of these latter films, and of other entertainment served up nowadays, aim to take us where no magical realist has gone before. We can choose to come away from the intense images and ideas either as disoriented wanderers or as mystery-lovers on pilgrimage.

We should assess our trippy 21st century culture expecting this kind of realism to grow. Note that an essay in Writer’s Digest in 2016 advised authors to embrace the style broadly: “It’s as much a worldview as a category.”

Perhaps the worldview of magic, which is distinct from science fiction, surrealism, fable, and fantasy, has found a new home for its enigmas—in non-fiction and our daily search for truth.

When the American public must distinguish between authentic and “fake” news, information and disinformation, reasoning and conspiracy theories, our thinking seems vulnerable to incursions from the unreal.

After all, the Oxford Dictionary in 2016 declared its word of the year to be “post-truth.”

Verisimilitude? Not Very

Katherine Maher, the suddenly controversial CEO of National Public Radio who previously headed Wikipedia, assured a 2022 TED Talk audience that “truth exists.” But, if you take into account a world of different beliefs, she said, our “collective decision-making” needs the “tremendously forgiving” notion of “minimum viable truth.”

This means “getting it right enough, enough of the time, to be useful enough to enough people,” according to Maher. Using patience and humility, fact-gatherers should work incrementally to state what we know now and then keep sorting through the “many different truths” in people’s minds; our “messy humanity” will accept more truth as time goes by.

Because Wikipedia is based on “collaboration” by a volunteer editor “community,” Maher suggested, the online encyclopedia is now one of the few places where “disagreements actually make you more agreeable.” Sadly, agreeability has proven more elusive at NPR.

Meanwhile, early this year, artificial intelligence became disagreeable with its own version of magical realism. Google’s Gemini image-generator concocted a world peopled by a female pope and Black founding fathers. Users rejected this as inclusivity promoting exclusivism, a tweak of reality creating the unreal.

How do people think about reality today? Obviously, each individual will be different. Politicians of either party might act like fabulists in their resumes and speeches. Other influential figures in the public square will be more rigorous and common-sensical.

Of course, it’s natural for us to Photoshop our slices of reality to make ourselves look better. But we also insert our unseen world, perhaps recalling a moment of spiritual epiphany, a personal passion that motivates us, or an observation about people that blends our knowledge and kindness.

Even thoroughly secular people, grounded in empiricism, will try to impress audiences with the values and experiences of their interior selves. Our modern culture favors role models in whom we see deeper dimensions of empathy, belief, and principle.

Judeo-Christian tradition and other religions have been telling stories with these dimensions for millennia. Catholic hagiography, finding inspiration in the stories of canonized saints, integrates mundane biography with the recognition that some people, through sacrifice and the sacred, can live life to the fullest.

The Church, which has developed a healthy skepticism toward miraculous claims, still asserts that an expansive view of reality offers a sense of purpose and joy. Persons cultivate this perspective not instantaneously as solo actors, but gradually in relationships with each other and their God.

Skeptics will use the term “magical realism” to dismiss these statements of faith. But religion shouldn’t be dismissed as magic. It continues to provide communities of benevolence where big-picture questioning is encouraged, even in these times of atomization.

So, we see magical realism taking opposite directions these days—as a blessing upon those who seek more meaningful truth, or as an insult from those who want “truth” without the baggage of higher perspectives.

Those in the latter segment will either limit different worldviews to portion-controlled bites or demand immediate definitions to ensure cultural progress.

Neither of these choices respects the noble roots of the magical realists. They birthed the genre to expose reality on multiple levels without imposing it. They felt a duty to preserve and honor their ancestral cultures’ essence in the midst of oppression and oversimplification.

Their imaginative, non-conformist “truth bombs,” vividly amending regime-sanctioned, minimalist doctrines, have helped countless readers see far more than the “minimum viable truth.”

These days, our battle for fuller truth confronts a new, yet familiar, cultural opponent—the “oppressor vs. oppressed” paradigm. It is more a handy tool of interpretation than a conquering force in our lives. But it allows a new “non-fiction” in America’s post-modern public square.

The new stories (morphed into narratives) emerge not from the grass roots, but from strategic communications. Too many leaders—and those amplifying them—will mix just enough reality and ideology to generate engagement through polarization. That’s precisely what “OG” magical realists resisted.

The Case of the Missing Opportunity

Let’s work toward a final judgment about our reality-challenged culture. Our first witness is NewsNation journalist Chris Cuomo.

America’s current political landscape is “not about truth,” he commented during his April 19 program. “It’s about preference, advantage, and animus…. All that matters is the other side being worse, not you being better.” 

In performative politics between Democrats and Republicans, one’s opponents are “not just wrong, they’re bad.”

But that’s not a dead end, says Cuomo. In all areas of life outside politics—“where you work, your partnering, your parenting, your parents, your kids, your friends, your passions”—the norms do center on “truth in every manifestation,” he says,  These include tough love, accountability, right and wrong, charity, loyalty, long-term thinking, and “trying to correct and interconnect and think team.”

Cuomo calls upon freethinkers to rage against the “binary” political traps in the media. “Start looking at politics through the lens of the rest of your life. Don’t accept that it’s a different reality and different rules.”

There is great wisdom here, pointing toward magical-realism themes which celebrate family and faith, community and cultural authenticity, to refresh the political battleground .

But he fails to acknowledge that our grass-roots advantage has been whittled down. The aspects of life which he rightly salutes are in the process of being politicized themselves. More and more, it seems politics is the only (zero-sum) game in town, played with fear, confusion, and hostility.

We can blame various causes—the two-party structure extending into state and local governments, big-money lobbying and activism, our lopsided class structure, the education establishment, global economics, our lack of strong relationships, and a power-and-greed culture whose intellectuals have replaced God with the “oppressed vs. oppressor” ethic.

There still may be hope. Drawing upon Americans’ spirituality, love for country, freedom, and fairness, and the same cultural strengths that made early magical realists declare the whole truth, we may have a chance to heal our secular politics over time.

However, we can’t assume that masses of people will offer us systemic assistance. Others’ promises to incrementally build a broader common ground of beliefs and experiences are unlikely to bear fruit. Not if Wikipedia, NPR, social media, artificial intelligence, and world leaders are any indicators of collaboration.

The job of refreshing our link-up with reality—its practical and moral mandates, its meaning and hope—is ultimately up to individuals. We can’t use magic tricks, but imaginations attuned to the fantastical and elevated aspects of life will help us to paint a panorama together.

Therefore, in this inquiry to locate magical realism within the 21st century, we call a second, surprise witness. Unfortunately, he is deceased, but surely our sensibilities can incorporate his memory and message.

The imaginative comic Robin Williams famously mused, “Reality: What a concept!” He may be the very personification of benign magical realism—hardly a clone of Gabriel Garcia Márquez, but a genuine representative of a culture trying to make sense of itself.

His worldview perceived life’s abundant connections, and he expressed them spontaneously, with fervor, in his improv routines and screen roles. He was a maximalist, embracing hefty doses of truth and insight, acclaim and pain. A rare disease ate away at his body and mind, and he took his own life in 2014.

We can draft him as a secular “saint” whose deeper dimensions still offer the encouragement we need. Like Williams, our society teeters between brilliance and suicide. We crave the fullness of truth, but we’re afraid of it.

He made audiences feel happier, and smarter. He exposed us to lots of reality and absurdity, but we also had fun in the otherworldly playground of his brain.

As our assessment of worldviews in the 21st century concludes, what’s our takeaway from the man who said na-nu na-nu?

In this trippy century, magical realism can play a role in making both non-fiction and fiction richer—so long as it keeps them separate, and so long as we keep control of our inner dreamers.

We must grow in respect for both the prosaic and the profound in our personal stories. Once we balance them properly, we can share them in relationships, helping everyone see and honor truth on a grander scale.

If we surrender reality to artificiality, either tyrannical or trivial, we’re in the conundrum described by Robin Williams as Aladdin’s Genie in the bottle: “Phenomenal cosmic powers … in an itty-bitty living space.”

Images from ClipSafari.com, a collection Creative Commons designs.

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After Easter, Shedding Lenten Lessons is a Crying Shame

It was timely to learn about so-called “cry spas” during Lent. That period of sadness and penitence ushered in Easter, when our tears are “turned into dancing,” as we’re told in song. The tricky part starts now, as our lives combine both seasons’ lessons, with no spa escapes guaranteed. Another song cautions us: “It won’t be long before it’s crying time.”

In mid-March, the New York Post reported on Anthony Villotti, who has started opening pop-up locations where customers pay $20 to book a private room for 30 minutes of crying time before rushing back to the office.

Luxury Lamentations?

“I was surprisingly happy to be sad for the moment,” wrote Asia Grace regarding her visit to a recent setting for the “Sob Parlour” experience. Her Post commentary noted that Villotti, 31, had come up with the idea of providing “swank and secure” settings where New York City denizens  could pursue moments of respite and healing.

Each of the private rooms, typically set up in such venues as community centers or art galleries, provides facial tissues, a journal for jotting notes, optional playlists of music, and a few other amenities while a person summons up evocative thoughts.

Lent brings us emotive Gospel texts of Jesus’ passion and death, rites for the Stations of the Cross, and opportunities for adoration and confession, when many Catholics and other Christians shed tears together.

Easter arrives, and we’re ready to shout “alleluia” about the happiness and hope found in the Resurrection.

But we must admit that the spigot of tears can be reopened at any time. Our culture and serious challenges facing our world have made mental or spiritual distress more common. Indeed, we witness pain and grief in people all around us, including the poor and homeless. Those with the eyes to see also sense melancholy in the lifestyles of the rich and famous.

We can be deeply moved by various feelings, including personal sorrow, empathetic sadness, depression, frustration, remorse, anger, and bliss.

Still, the act of crying may be difficult or awkward—for women being judged in the workplace or other social situations, as well as for self-conscious men who try to “tough it out.”

Reservations on the Red-Eye

“Girls and boys cry about the same amount of times until they reach the age of 12,” says Psychology Todayciting researcher William Frey“By the time they are 18, women cry on average four times more than men. That is about 5.3 cries a month, compared to a man’s 1.4 times per month.”

Overall, 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men say they feel better after crying. One key reason is the removal of toxins from the body, according to Frey. But who knows the whole explanation? Another Psychology Today article acknowledges that “why humans cry is still a mystery in many ways.”

Perhaps the most telling takeaway from the magazine’s team-coverage of teardrops is this analysis from neuropsychologist Jodi DeLuca: “When you cry, it’s a signal you need to address something.”

Pope Francis would agree with that sense of urgency. One of his recently published books, an English translation of A Good Life: 15 Essential Habits for Living with Hope and Joyincludes this section headline, “Those Who Do Not Know How to Cry Are Not Good Christians.”

It is said that Francis embraces a “theology of tears.” With loving intent, he wants to comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable.

In encountering the anguish of others, “temporal compassion is completely useless!” the Pontiff says in his book. “That kind of compassion has us, at the very most, reaching into our pockets and extracting a few coins. If Christ had had that kind of compassion, He would have cured three or four people and then returned to the Heavenly Father.

“It was when Christ wept—and how He wept!—that He understood our troubles. The world today needs us to weep! The marginalized weep, the scorned weep, but those of us who lead a relatively comfortable life do not know how to weep. These are truths we can see only with eyes that have been cleansed by tears.”

Francis advises that we weep when we see a hungry or mistreated child. “This is your challenge,” he says. “Be brave—do not be afraid to cry!”

Cry of the People

Spiritually speaking, we can ease our fear of tears by seeing that Easter helps the somberness of Lent make sense. We receive God’s great promise of redemption, and we can pass that gift around like a candle. The light that pierces the darkness of evil is a gift of courage—and also a gift of tears because we still see the world’s many shadows.

Our capacity to mourn can “open one’s eyes to life and to the sacred and irreplaceable value of each person,” the Pope said in a 2020 General Audience as Lent approached. “Understanding sin is a gift from God…. It is a gift we must ask for.” He quoted St. Ephrem: “A face washed with tears is unspeakably beautiful.”

Mystical writers in the Catholic tradition have recognized that the Holy Spirit sometimes imparts a “gift of tears” to a person as part of a deep experience of God’s encouragement and comfort, not the result of any earthly emotion.

blessing attributed to followers of St. Francis of Assisi, who was known to cry copiously, suggests these awakenings shouldn’t be hidden under a pillow:

“May God bless you with the gift of tears to shed for those who suffer from pain, rejection, starvation, or the loss of all that they cherish, so that you may reach out your hand to comfort them and transform their pain into joy.”

A compelling Jewish Learning Institute video features an elderly rabbi who experienced the horror of the Holocaust telling a story about the power of tears—and how it can spread.

When World War II had ended and an orphanage-school opened in France to care for children and young adults who had lost their parents in the concentration camps, a group of benefactors visited the site one day in 1945 to give welcoming speeches.

The orphans in the audience, which included this rabbi telling the story, refused to applaud or even look up at those sponsors, whom they considered pretentious strangers. The children stoically had taught themselves, after seeing their families killed, never to show any emotion, largely in resentment toward their captors.

The last speaker to rise, Mr. Liebovich, was introduced as an Auschwitz survivor who likewise had lost his family. “Spontaneously, with no word, 220 heads were lifted up with sympathy and solidarity,” the rabbi recounted. Liebovich was struck by the children’s sudden attention and the first sight of their faces.

Holding the microphone with trembling hands, he said only, “Dear children,” and began to cry profusely. The rabbi recalled, “Every one of us on the grass felt that his cheeks became wet with our own tears…. We all started to cry loudly—free, loud, maybe five minutes—a valley of tears was there.”

One of the oldest orphans then rose to speak and thanked the assembly for one gift—“the ability to cry.” The rabbi continued relaying this 18-year-old’s remarks: Ever since they killed my father before my eyes, he said, I haven’t shed a tear, much less “smiling or laughing.” After my liberation to the orphanage, I haven’t slept one night, asking myself, “What will be my future? If I cannot cry, cannot smile, I have no emotions … I have a stone in my chest.

“So who will marry me, bless me with a family, if I am not a human being? Five minutes ago, when Mr. Liebovich came, I felt for the first time that I am a mensch. And I know the secret: The one who can cry today has a chance to smile tomorrow.”

Public Displays of Affliction

That story has a fresh impact in 2024. So many of us lack a healthy relationship with ourselves and our feelings, as well as other people, and God. Our culture of hardened hearts, “toughing it out” with mostly negative emotions, begs for a readiness to shed tears. Those droplets are subjective, but they are links to objective truths.  

One might say, especially after instruction by two liturgical seasons, that we can’t address society’s rampant assaults on reality and reasoning—our performative ethics, our narcissistic indifference, our sloppy logic, our divisive groupthink—without hearts that have learned to care.

The baring and sharing of right-minded emotions is a healing point of connection for all the meaningful relationships we seek.

Think about those pop-up Sob Parlours. Anthony Villotti has a good concept—allowing folks to find safe spaces for deep reflection in the middle of the day. Asia Grace, who was “surprisingly happy to be sad for the moment,” echoes the New York City rhythm that keeps step with urban swagger while also demanding reality checks for oneself and others.

It’s reported that Villotti plans to make the pop-ups a monthly routine, and they may thrive.

Perhaps we should worry about this popularity as an alarm signaling Americans’ inner disrepair. Perhaps we should feel cognitive dissonance about relatively posh rooms as settings for the teardrops we normally associate with sacrifice.

Those issues won’t paralyze us if we consider that, in important ways, our tears have been turned into dancing. Spiritual shalom and earthly sadness, the upbeats and downbeats of everyday life, can coexist. Of course, these combinations, which reflect solidarity and resilience in the populace, will require more sacrifice within a secularized, scatter-brained culture.

Here’s a bigger concern—people desiring to do their crying solo. The preference for privacy is understandable, but the “gift of tears” can’t bear the best fruit when it occurs in a private room. Ideally, we build relationships by using our voices (and our eyes) to peaceably speak truth with others.

Pope Francis is promoting public displays of affliction. For some people, the best Parlour might be a large lounge, or a living room, or shelter, where we can comfort each other. EWTN media foundress Mother Angelica might have suggested group-watching the television news, so we can discuss the tragedy of this event or the injustice of that situation, followed by prayer and action.

We also need to ponder what happens when we leave the “cry spa.” Are we in our own comfortable world, feeling better in a selfish way? When we pass a homeless drug addict on the sidewalk, have we found an inner restfulness that allows us to stop, interact, and offer accompaniment?

We should remember that people on the margins, like the concentration camp orphans, may be wrongly deadening their emotions, yearning for an ear to hear them and a tear to free them. Our Judeo-Christian culture must maximize human beings’ freedom to seek fulfillment together. The Bible says the poor will always be with us, and that means we must pursue solidarity continuously; we must be attentive when souls fall silent.

The courage to offer life-giving emotions to others, as Pope Francis reminds us, must come from a relationship with God—with the Christ who gives consolation through faith and reason although his heart has been broken. This is the model for all authentic relationships which strive to keep balancing and elevating our bonds.

Lent has ended, helping us appreciate the mandate to review and renew our own hearts. Easter Sunday has ended (although the season continues), buoying us with a redeemer whose way, truth, and life can be passed along confidently, with sense and sensibility.

Now, throughout the year, whenever “crying time” is coming, whether we’re in a comfortable spa, at home with the family, or on the streets encountering one of God’s children in pain, the galvanizing insight of Jodi DeLuca sharpens our blurred vision: “We need to address something.”

Image from ClipSafari.com, a collection of Creative Commons designs

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Timing is the Key to Comity: No Joke!

This is a preview of the commentary to be published tomorrow in “Phronesis in Pieces” at billschmitt.substack.com. Be sure to check out some of the links below to view videos.

Comedians have a key area of expertise: timing. We enjoy entertainers’ mastery of this crucial aptitude, so worthy of preservation, for a couple of reasons.

First, comics get us to laugh by surprising us with an insight that illuminates something in the here and now. They hop aboard the train of thought we’re currently riding, and then they derail it.

Second, today’s jesters are avid students of the present itself. They draw their material, and construct their relationship with an audience, from what’s happening now in our heads, perhaps details in the news. They make good use of the past and the future insofar as those time frames inform our understanding of this moment.

Top comedians through the decades have bonded with us by elevating our spirits while pointing out our screwball nature and peculiarities in the truth around us. It’s no wonder that humorists keep popping up on current media panels of wisdom and punditry.

Back in the day, Don Rickles insulted his audiences outright, but he was good-natured, and most of his targets felt invited into the game, not victimized. He may not be our favorite in 2024. Nevertheless, we laughed at his jokes, and everyone rose together above the absurdity of division.

Gadflies remind us that our times are not exclusively in our hands, as Psalm 31:15 affirms. We ride our trains of thought with a mix of spontaneity, humility, and readiness for anything, having learned our earthly timelines are replete with uncertain possibilities. Somehow, we’ll get to our destination. Life is like Amtrak.

To the degree that typical comics pelt and puncture reality but still embrace and preserve it, one might say their art is conservative. If they lean toward progressivism, the art may be more difficult.

Consider late-night host Steven Colbert. Wherever the line between his real self and his TV persona has drifted during his career, he and other celebrities now use wit as a tool, and it seems more forced. Jokes “pile on” to make a point, adding more word twists to an already established narrative. The reality they portray holds less surprise.

Partly because humor now is less free-wheeling and fun, it’s possible that America, or at least our popular culture, is losing its sense of timing. We bring our tool belts to the party instead of checking them at the door.

Progressive politics seem particularly disdainful of the present and the past, concentrating on the “cutting edge” of our timelines. There is hope in the future, our opinion-leaders say, but only if we follow certain kinds of scripts.

The future doesn’t exist yet, so our approach to it is filled with abstractions. Our discussions about it must be accompanied by an externally imposed glossary. Comics, commentators, and audiences who lean far left (or toward either endpoint of our political spectrum) prefer terms and motifs they have pre-digested, not the basic facts which flow in on internet tides.

They deem alternative scripts mistaken, requiring revision, even though these stories may contain pungent insights, fuller celebrations of reality, and plain enjoyment. Reducing the number of ideas we can safely react to risks closing not only comedy clubs, but our minds. We find we’re not “in the moment.”

These trends are not new. Back in 2015, Jerry Seinfeld said he had stopped performing on college campuses because political correctness was quashing laughter.

Students “just want to use these words: ‘That’s racist;’ ‘That’s sexist;’ ‘That’s prejudice,’” the comic told Entertainment Weekly. “They don’t know what the hell they’re talking about.”

Senses of humor which have morphed from self-effacing to self-identifying can stifle the imaginations of audiences and presenters alike. Tom Lehrer, a mid-20th-century favorite of college students who has been called “the most brilliant song satirist ever recorded,” told The Los Angeles Times in 2000 why he retreated from the spotlight after the 1960s.

“I stopped having funny ideas, that’s all,” said the composer of “The Vatican Rag,” “National Brotherhood Week,” and “We Will All Go Together When We Go.” He mused, “What caused that, I have no idea. Times have changed? Senility replaced adolescence? I don’t know.”

Modern (and post-modern) audiences want to be on the “right side of history.” But history does not write the stories of our lives, our families, or our sit-coms. Human beings construct them in a cosmic collaboration, from moment to moment.

It takes time, under conditions of creative freedom, to interpret our rapidly changing world. Without patience, grace-filled fact patterns are reduced to pre-programmed narratives.

By contrast, in a comedy club setting, observers have said the key to good timing rests in the performer’s continuous management of, and responsiveness to, the fans in attendance on any given evening.

Greg Dean, who taught stand-up for four decades, talked about this in a 2017 New York magazine article. “A successful comedian reads what each audience needs and delivers at the right time for that night’s crowd,” the author explained. As Dean put it, “The timing is in the relationship. It’s in the feedback loop.”

Aspiring truth-tellers behind the microphone—comics, expert speakers, advocates, etc.—may be canaries in the coal mine who can spot when Americans’ timing goes awry. They see up-close when audience members try to reschedule (or cancel!) our train trips. Attendees may lack interest and attentiveness, familiar encounters with diverse people and situations, or a comfort level with comments which violate their abstractions.

At worst, audience members will try to fit every “slice of life” tale from our shared stories into an oppressed-vs.-oppressor matrix or a pocket guide to some ideological future. This sort of augmented reality is valuable sometimes, but artificial intelligence cannot “read the room.”

All event participants owe it to themselves and to the presenter to make a special effort for the sharing of experiences. This is not difficult. They merely need to mix three modes: relaxing, receiving, and remembering.

This is true of conservatives and progressives alike. The feedback loop is everyone’s responsibility. Of course, the management of the story-telling process must be handled well by audience-conscious presenters, whether they’re telling jokes, giving a lecture, making a political speech, or offering their opinions in the local or global public square.

Time and timing go together. Perhaps the major revelation from the canaries is that our “common ground” is shrinking. Participants simply may not be bringing the memories and learning, the values and virtues, which can place a whole group into a zone of dialogue and discovery.

Nowadays, given America’s deficits in history and civics education, as well as changed sensibilities and the involvement of at least six age-cohorts, or “generations,” in our population, we can grasp why citizens (and non-citizens) might see each other as strangers in a strange land.

Recall the controversy that erupted last month when Politico journalist Heidi Pryzybyla cautioned on MSNBC that the idea of our rights coming from God, rather than human institutions, signals danger from a growing force she identified as “Christian nationalism.”

She surely knew unalienable rights from our Creator were a central theme in the country’s founding, but she may have downplayed the idea as an abstraction being manipulated, not a transcendent principle with personal significance held dear by numerous audience members.

We need to spend more time being “real” with each other. If we don’t, our respective bubbles of nostalgia or utopianism, floating in asynchronous orbits, will never allow for the in-sync timing—the respectful responsiveness—Americans have shown in the past.

Think of the unity we developed during World War II and the 9-11 terror aftermath. Or the spontaneous passionate outpourings—of pride after the first moon landing, of grief after school-shooting horrors. Or the whopping TV viewership of MASH and Friends finales, not to mention this year’s Super Bowl.

Nowadays, many apolitical situations look like cultural time-warps where different dimensions clash. But instead, they could become teachable moments of comity if better understood with help from historians, theologians, philosophers, other scholars, and, yes, good listeners.

For example, emotions now play an outsized role in public affairs and popular culture. This is bad timing.

We need more people behind microphones reminding us that the complex, urgent nature of today’s most crucial issues requires disciplined cooperation exercising knowledge and wisdom—rather than unrestrained emotions.

Even braver presenters should “get real” about the mental health and social-media crises which have planted atomization, narcissism, and malevolent overreaction which make gatherings more volatile.

Despite regular announcements of big spending and futuristic visions, we lack coordinated, coherent responses to our growing reliance upon the power grid, varied energy resources, cybersecurity and AI, uninterrupted shipments of necessities from overseas, and a sustainable, balanced economy. This is bad timing.

We need to educate and motivate more people to take responsible roles in a wide range of purposeful vocations that answer these challenges. Leaders in our families, communities, houses of worship, and media should call out “quiet quitting” and our dismissal of duties to each other and the common good.

The phenomenon which Dietrich von Hildebrand called the “cult of cognition,” profusely and egotistically generating abstract ideas as solutions to concrete problems, must be replaced by a proactive simplicity—a drive to achieve the priorities of natural law, human dignity, societal stability, and charity. In Transformation in Christ, he cites a metaphysical dictum: “Simplicity is the seal of verity.” Yea, verily, it would set our timing aright.

Why are we injecting politics into all aspects of our lives at a time when our politicians amply demonstrate that games of power and persuasion create alternative, post-truth realities, not actual solutions?

Why are we cultivating additional reliance on government spending at a time when the financial, functional, and moral pillars supporting our founders’ vision of governance are suffering reputational decline?

Why are we replacing religion with science when the Covid pandemic and technological advances show us that science can just as easily be misused or misinterpreted? Science, writ large, is a process for generating ever-better questions, but it would flop on any game show that asks, “Is that your final answer?”

Perhaps we can imagine overly philosophical comics making points like these at the local comedy café. They might not be funny, but they could help find peace in the foibles which inevitably arise on our cognitive Amtrak.

Ultimately, as comic-coach Greg Dean suggests, these matters of timing must be addressed by free-thinking, free-wheeling audiences who ease on down the road, enjoying the feedback loops and sharp curves.

Progressive or conservative, we all should convene for such learning, bringing offerings of interpersonal experience and hard-won humility.

Our beliefs will be crucial to the alchemy of renewal and rebound which takes place when we laugh at our incoherence. The most valuable beliefs will not “cut to the chase” in search of a perfected future. Rather, a vision of solidarity will reward whole lifetimes of patient pilgrimage, stirring trust in a Creator who inspires our steps—and permits missteps.

Popular evangelical pastor T.D. Jakes has urged us to preserve the give-and-take aptitude our best messengers model for us. “Timing is so important!” he says.

“If you are going to be successful in dance, you must be able to respond to rhythm and timing,” according to Jakes. “It’s the same in the Spirit. People who don’t understand God’s timing can become spiritually spastic, trying to make the right things happen at the wrong time. They don’t get His rhythm,  and everyone can tell they are out of step. They birth things prematurely, threatening the very lives of their God-given dreams.”

Comedy club scene from Bing AI, using “Designer” image creator.

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